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Computers and Internet
EncycloZine.com 
Computer
: Database, Graphics, Hardware, History, Home, Internet, Microsoft, Network, OS, Personal, Programming, Science, Security, Software • Books
A computer is an electronic data-processing device.
It communicates with other electronic devices to receive data, store
and manipulate them (using mathematical and logical calculations
specified in a sequence of instructions called a program), and transmit
the results, e.g accept a sequence of numbers typed in at a keyboard,
and plot a graph of them on a visual display unit, or monitor.
Architecture,
Database,
Graphics,
Hardware,
History,
Home,
Internet,
Microsoft,
Network,
OS,
Personal,
Programming,
Science,
Security,
Software
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A database is an information set organized for flexible searching and utilization. There are a wide array of databases, from simple examples such as simple tabular collections to much more complex models such as the relational model.
The types of database are distinguished by many characteristics. One commonly used characteristic is the programming model associated with the database. Several models have been in wide use for some time.
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The first computer graphics were the output of text and numbers on electronic displays, though computer graphics today typically refers to creating images and not text. This field can be divided into two general areas: real-time rendering, and non real-time rendering. Development in computer graphics was first fueled by academic interests and government sponsorship. However, as real-world applications of computer graphics(CG) in broadcast television and movies proved a viable alternative to more traditional special effects and animation techniques, commercial parties have increasingly funded advances in the field.
| Home Computers
This article discusses the early commercial computers that tended to be used in the home rather than for commercial purposes - during the 1980s. This breed of computer largely died out at the end of the decade due to the rise of the IBM PC compatible personal computer.
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The Internet is a vast international public communications network
that interconnects thousands of small and large networks so that they
work as a single network to permit communication between any two
connected end points. A world-wide collection of computer networks,
connecting government, military, educational and commercial
institutions, as well as private citizens to a wide range of computer
services, resources, data and information. The WWW is built on the
Internet.
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Microsoft Corporation is the largest private-sector computer software producer in the world, headquartered in Redmond, Washington (a suburb of Seattle). The company was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters.
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A personal computer (PC) is an inexpensive microcomputer originally designed to be used by only one person at a time.
The earliest known use of the term was in New Scientist magazine in 1964, in a series of articles called "The World in 1984". In "The Banishment of Paper Work," Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Watson Research Center writes, "While it will be entirely feasible to obtain an education at home, via one's own personal computer, human nature will not have changed."
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Software is the various kinds of programs used to operate computers
and related devices. A program is a sequence of instructions that tells
a computer what operations to perform. Programs can be built into the
hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as
software. Hardware describes the physical components of computers
and related devices.
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Computer science is the study of computers and their applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation.
Only in the last third of the 20th century has computer science been recognized as a separate discipline and developed its own methods and terminology. It has roots in electrical engineering, mathematics and linguistics, and is a blend of science, engineering and art.
Computer science emphasizes the eternal truths of software and computers while Software engineering emphasize practical applications of software. In some ways they are the flip sides of the same coin. In other ways they are totally different.
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Alan Mathison Turing, b. June 23, 1912, d. June 7, 1954, was a British
mathematician who conceived of a machine that could compute by reading
and writing an infinite tape according to some simple instructions and
state transitions. From this he was able to show the existence of
uncomputable functions. For example, no program can determine if any
arbitrary program will terminate. He played a significant rôle in
cracking German codes during World War 2, and proposed a test for
machine intelligence.
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About Computers and Internet
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