Electric current consists of charge particles -
usually electrons - moving through a conductor. Between collections
of positive and negative charges there exists a potential
difference called 'voltage'. If a conducting path exists between
two charged groups, charges will flow from one to the other,
constituting an electric current, and usually consists of a flow of
electrons from the more negatively charged body to the more
positively charged one. Metals and other materials that allow the
flow of electric charge through them are known as conductors.
Materials that resist the passage of an electric current are known
as insulators.
A direct current (DC) is a constant flow between
two points having a different electrical potential and the charge
flow is one way, as from a battery. Or it may be alternating
current (AC), as from a mains supply. Here, the charge flows
alternately backwards then forwards in a circuit many times every
second. By convention, a positive current is defined as that which
flows from a higher potential to a lesser one, driven by the
potential difference.
An electrical circuit is a network that has a
closed loop, giving a return path for the current. A network is a
connection of two or more simple circuit elements, and may not
necessarily be a circuit.